Majors, Minors, and Certificate Programs Information 2000-01

Majors, Minors, and Certificate Programs

This section outlines the specific requirements for every program in the College of Arts and Sciences that begin with the letters E and F.

Ecology

See Biological Sciences or Environmental and Plant Biology.

Economics

Economics (B.A.)
Major code BA4221

Two opportunities are open to students interested in majoring in economics: a liberal arts program in the College of Arts and Sciences and a business economics program in the College of Business.

To major in economics in the College of Arts and Sciences, you must complete the B.A. degree requirements of the college and the following program:

MATH 163A Intro to Calculus 4

40 hours of economics, including:

ECON 103      Prin. of Microeconomics                      4

ECON 104      Prin. of Macroeconomics                      4

ECON 303      Microeconomics                               4

ECON 304      Macroeconomics                               4

ECON 381      Intro to Econ. Statistics and Econometrics   4

ECON 385      Intro to Econ. Methodology and Research      4

or ECON 482   Topics in Econometrics

If you have definite career goals, you are encouraged to follow a specific track within the economics major. A track identifies electives that are most relevant to a given career. Additional information is available from the Department of Economics.

Courses for the prelaw track

ECON 213   Current Economic Problems   4

ECON 316   Economics and the Law       4

ECON 332   Industrial Organization     4

ECON 334   Econ. and Antitrust Law     4

ECON 337   Govt. Reg. of Business      4

Courses for the policy analysis track

ECON 213   Current Economic Problems   4

ECON 312   Economics of Poverty        4

ECON 313   Econ. of the Environment    4

ECON 315   Economics of Health Care    4

ECON 425   Public Policy Economics     4

ECON 430   Public Finance              4

Courses for the business economics track

ECON 305   Managerial Economics      4

ECON 320   Labor Economics           4

ECON 332   Industrial Organization   4

ECON 337   Govt. Reg. of Business    4

ECON 340   International Trade       4

ECON 360   Money and Banking         4

Economics Minor
Minor code OR4221

A minor in economics consists of a minimum of 28 credit hours in economics including

ECON 103   Prin. of Microeconomics   4

ECON 104   Prin. of Macroeconomics   4

ECON 303   Microeconomics            4

ECON 304   Macroeconomics            4

At least two other courses at the 300 level or above

Economics Pre-Foreign Service Major (B.A.)
Special Curriculum; major code BA4223

To prepare for the annual foreign service officer examinations, you are advised to acquire as broad an education as possible. Facility in written and spoken English; competency in a foreign language; and a good background in economics, history, political science, business, or public administration are essential. A pre-foreign service major is available through the Departments of Economics, History, or Political Science. You can obtain detailed information about foreign service officer examinations, including sample questions from previous examinations, from these departments.

Economics-Prelaw Major (B.A.)
Special curriculum; major code BA4222

If you are in the College of Arts and Sciences and plan to enter law school, complete the specific requirements for the Bachelor of Arts degree. No special curriculum is prescribed; as a prelaw major, you may complete a major of your principal interest. The Departments of Economics, English, History, Philosophy, Political Science, and Sociology have designated advisors assigned to help students interested in law careers. For further information, see Law in this section of the catalog.

English

The Department of English offers majors in English, creative writing, prelaw, and pretheology. If you are an Arts and Sciences student seeking secondary school teaching certification in English, you will complete that portion of your degree program by satisfying the requirements under Integrated Language Arts in the College of Education section of the catalog.

Honors work in English is available through (1) the Honors Tutorial College-see Departmental Honors under Honors Tutorial College, (2) an intensive two-year major program by tutorial instruction offered by the department beginning each fall quarter-information is available from the department, or (3) English 499H-information is available from the department.

Due to changes in standards for teacher licensure in the State of Ohio, the current program in English is subject to change. If you are interested in becoming licensed to teach English at the secondary level (middle school or high school), read the section on Integrated Language Arts and contact the Office of Student Services in the College of Education.

English Major (B.A.)
Major Code BA5231

The major requirement for the literature-based B.A. degree consists of at least 56 hours above 199, including:

Two of the following three:

ENG 201      Critical Appr. to Fiction   4

ENG 202      Critical Appr. to Poetry    4

ENG 203      Critical Appr. to Drama     4

ENG 301      Shakespeare: Histories      4 

or ENG 302   Shakespeare: Comedies    

or ENG 303   Shakespeare: Tragedies

Two of the following three:

ENG 311      English Lit. to 1500    4

ENG 312      English Lit 1500-1660   4

ENG 313      English Lit 1660-1800   4

ENG 314      English Lit 1800-1900   4 

or ENG 315   English Lit 1900-Present

Two of the following three:

ENG 321      American Lit. to 1865        4

ENG 322      American Lit. 1865-1918      4

ENG 323      American Lit. 1918-Pres.     4

ENG 351      Hist. of the English Lang.   4 

or ENG 352   Dev. of Amer. English        4

or ENG 353   Struct. of Amer. English     4

ENG 399      Literary Theory              4

ENG 460      Literary Topics              4

ENG 464      Major English Authors        4 

or ENG 465   Major American Authors       4

or ENG 466   Major Intl. Authors          4

Two 300-or 400-level elective

ENG 307J is a prerequisite for ENG 399 and consequently for ENG 460, 464, 465, and 466. You are encouraged to satisfy your Tier I junior composition requirement with 307J. Because a "J" course taken to satisfy the Tier I requirement will not count toward hours in the major, 307J is not listed with other major requirements.

English Minor

Minor code OR5231

The English minor consists of a minimum of 28 hours above 199, including

Two of the following courses:

ENG 201   Critical Appr. to Fiction   4

ENG 202   Critical Appr. to Poetry    4

ENG 203   Critical Appr. to Drama     4

One of the following:

ENG 311   English Lit. to 1500       4

ENG 312   English Lit 1500-1660      4

ENG 313   English Lit 1660-1800      4

ENG 314   English Lit 1800-1900      4

ENG 315   English Lit 1900-Present   4

One of the following

ENG 321   American Lit. to 1865     4

ENG 322   American Lit. 1865-1918   4

ENG 323   American Lit. 1918-Pres.  4

Three additional courses above 299

English-Creative Writing Major (B.A.)
Special curriculum; major code BA5232

By combining selected creative writing courses with the regular English major, you can complete a special program in creative writing. To major in creative writing, you will take 16 hours of creative writing, 12 of which will be in addition to the requirements for an English major, and 4 of which will be 481 or 482 or 483 instead of 460.

English-Prelaw Major (B.A.)
Special curriculum; major code BA5234

If you are in the College of Arts and Sciences and plan to enter law school, complete the specific requirements for the Bachelor of Arts degree in English (BA5231, BA5232) and take relevant electives in other schools and departments. Consult your faculty advisor. Law schools prescribe no special curriculum. As a prelaw major, you may complete a major of your principal interest. The Departments of Economics, English, History, Philosophy, Political Science, and Sociology have designated advisors assigned to help students interested in law careers. For further information, see "Law" in this section of the catalog.

English-Pretheology Major (B.A.)
Special curriculum; major code VBA5233

If you plan to enter a theological seminary or do graduate study in religion, it is recommended that you take a broad program, including the following (with suggested minimum quarter hours): philosophy (12); courses on the texts and history of religions (15); English composition and literature, world literature (21); history, including HIST 354, 356C, and 370 (15); social sciences (21); foreign languages (18); natural sciences (9); public speaking (3). Arrange your program to meet the requirements for the Bachelor of Arts degree and the university General Education Requirements. It is advisable to major in philosophy, English, or one of the social sciences. Check the entrance requirements of the theological seminaries, other religious educational institutions, or graduate schools of your choice and plan your curriculum accordingly. A pretheology major is also available from the Department of History or Philosophy.

Study of the Environment

The study of the environment includes the physical nature of the planet as well as plant and animal interactions involving other living organisms, space, land, and water. The Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Environmental and Plant Biology, Geography, and Geological Sciences offer programs for preparation in the study of the environment. These programs allow you to develop a fundamental knowledge of the nature of basic environmental parameters; a sense of the complex interactions of living organisms, including humans, on those parameters; and a basis for approaching solutions to problems resulting from this impact. To major in the study of the environment at Ohio University, choose a discipline for intensive investigation (biological sciences, chemistry, environmental and plant biology, geography, geological sciences, microbiology) and, in consultation with an advisor in that department, develop a program to meet your goals.

The following degree programs are offered:

Preparation for Environmental Biology (Biological Sciences Emphasis)
Preparation for Environmental Biology (Plant Biology Emphasis)
Preparation for Environmental Chemistry
Preparation for Environmental Geography
Preparation for Environmental Geology

In addition, the Department of Geography offers an environmental prelaw major.

For the specific requirements of each program, refer to the respective department's listing in this section of the catalog.

The College of Arts and Sciences sponsors the undergraduate Environmental Studies Certificate Program for students who are interested in environmental studies but do not wish to major in the field. The program is available to students in any major within the university. See the Environmental Studies Certificate Program listing in this section for requirements.

Environmental and Plant Biology

For students interested in careers in plant biology, plant pathology, biotechnology, environmental biology, natural resources, conservation, field biology, agronomy, plant breeding, freshwater and marine biology, or cell biology, the Department of Environmental and Plant Biology offers major programs in plant biology, environmental biology, field biology, advanced training in plant biology, and cell biology and biotechnology.

Plant Biology Major (B.A. or B.S.)
Major codes BA2111, BS2111

The B.A. degree in plant biology is designed for students interested in the plant sciences who desire a broad liberal education. The flexibility in this program allows for either a minor or second major in another discipline such as economics, business administration, computer science, anthropology, sociology, geography, geological sciences, microbiology, or biological sciences. If you plan to do graduate studies in plant biology or a related biological science, consult a departmental advisor for assistance in selecting a program to prepare you for an advanced degree.

Requirements for the B.A. degree are a minimum of 40 credit hours in PBIO, including

PBIO 110, 111   Intro to Plant Biology   12

Minimum of two courses from each of the following three areas:

Area A

BIO 331    Plant Genetics                          5

PBIO 412   Plant Pathology                         5

PBIO 424   Plant Physiology                        6

PBIO 427   Molecular Genetics                      3   

PBIO 431   Cell Biology                            5

PBIO 450   Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering   4

PBIO 453   Develop. Physiology                     4

Area B

PBIO 309   Plant Systematics and Ohio Flora   6

PBIO 321   Agricultural Plant Ecology         4

PBIO 322   Tropical Plant Ecology             4

PBIO 425   Plant Ecology                      5   

PBIO 426   Physiol. Plant Ecology             5

PBIO 475   Plant Speciation and Evolution     3

Area C

PBIO 307   Morphology of Algae and Bryophytes   6

PBIO 308   Morph. of Vascular Plants            6

PBIO 310   Biology of Fungi                     5

PBIO 312   Plant Anatomy                        5

PBIO 420   Freshwater Algae                     5

PBIO 460   Paleobotany                          6

Extradepartmental requirements

CHEM 121, 122, 123   Prin. of Chemistry   12

BIOS 171, 173        Intro to Zoology      6

One course from the following:

MATH 163A      Intro to Calculus             4
or MATH 263A   Calculus	                     4

MATH 250       Intro to Prob. and Stat.      4

CS 210         Programming in C              5

PSY 120        Elem. Statistical Reasoning   4

Requirements for the B.S. degree are a minimum of 50 credit hours in PBIO, including

PBIO 110, 111   Intro to Plant Biology            12

PBIO 404   Undergraduate Research                2-6

PBIO 415   Quantitative Methods in Plant Biology   5

A minimum of two courses from each of areas A, B, and C listed under B.A. requirements.

Additional courses to complete the 50 credit hour requirement are to be selected from areas A, B, or C, or from other PBIO courses numbered above 200, with the exception of those courses not intended for plant biology majors.

Extradepartmental requirements:

CHEM 121, 122, 123   Princ. of Chemistry       12

CHEM 301, 302        Organic Chemistry          6

BIOS 171, 173        Intro to Zoology           6

PHYS 201, 202, 203   Intro to Physics          15

MATH 163A, 163B      Intro to Calculus          7
or MATH 263A, 263B   Calculus                   8

PSY 221              Statistics for Beh. Sci.   5

Plant Biology Minor
Minor code OR2111

Requirements for a minor in plant biology consist of a minimum of 28 credit hours of coursework in plant biology, including PBIO 110 and 111, and at least two courses at the 300 level or above.

Plant Biology-Cell Biology and Biotechnology Major (B.S.) Special curriculum; major code BS2118

Required PBIO courses

PBIO 110, 111   Intro to Plant Biology                 12   

PBIO 309        Plant Systematics and Ohio Flora        6

PBIO 312        Plant Anatomy                           5

PBIO 331        Plant Genetics                          5

PBIO 404        Undergraduate Research                2-6

PBIO 424        Plant Physiology                        6

PBIO 431        Cell Biology                            5

PBIO 450        Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering   4

At least one of the following

PBIO 412   Plant Pathology           5

PBIO 426   Physiol. Plant Ecology    5

PBIO 427   Molecular Genetics        3   

PBIO 453   Develop. Physiology       4

Required nondepartmental courses:

CHEM 151, 152, 153             Fund. of Chemistry          15 

CHEM 490, 491, 492             General Biochemistry        10 

CHEM 303, 304, 305, 306, 307   Organic Chemistry, Lab      14
or CHEM 301, 302, 303, 304     Organic Chemistry, Lab   or 11

BIOS 171,173                   Intro to Zoology             6

MICR 311                       Microbiology                 6   

PHYS 201, 202, 203             Intro to Physics            15
or PHYS 251, 252, 253          General Physics   

MATH 163A, B                   Intro to Calculus            7
or MATH 263A, B                Calculus   or                8

Recommended departmental elective

PBIO 415 Quantitative Methods in Plant Biology 5

Arts and Sciences degree requirements (including language), university General Education Requirements, and/or electives.

Plant Biology-Environmental Biology Major (B.S.)
Special curriculum; major code BS2113

This preprofessional program gives you a broad base for developing a career in environmental sciences, conservation, natural resources, forestry, environmental quality control, or ecology. Because a graduate degree may be required for entry into some positions, training beyond the bachelor's degree is strongly recommended. See also the environmental degree programs listed under the Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Geography, and Geological Sciences.

Required PBIO courses

PBIO 110, 111      Intro to Plant Biology            12

PBIO 309           Plant Systematics and Ohio Flora   6 
  
PBIO 331           Plant Genetics                     5

PBIO 404           Undergraduate Research           2-6

PBIO 415           Quantitative Methods               5 

PBIO 425           Plant Ecology                      5

Minimum of three courses from the following two areas, with at least one course in each area:

Area A

PBIO 248	Trees and Shrubs                     4

PBIO 307	Morphology of Algae and Bryophytes   6
	
PBIO 308	Morphology of Vascular Plants        6
	
PBIO 310	Biology of Fungi                     5

PBIO 312	Plant Anatomy                        5

PBIO 420	Phycology                            5

Area B

PBIO 247	Vegetation of N. America	4

PBIO 321	Agricultural Plant Ecology	4

PBIO 322	Tropical Plant Ecology  	4

PBIO 410	Plants and Soil	                4

PBIO 412	Plant Pathology	                5

PBIO 424	Plant Physiology	        6

PBIO 426	Physiological Plant Ecol	5

PBIO 475	Plant Speciation and Evolution	3

Required nondepartmental courses

CHEM 151, 152, 153	Fund of Chemistry	15

CHEM 301, 302	        Organic Chemistry        6

BIOS 171, 173	        Intro to Zoology         6

BIOS 275	        Animal Ecology  	 4

or any BIOS course of 4 credits or more at 300-400 level (see recommended electives below)

GEOG 201	Environmental Geography      4

GEOL 101	Intro to Geology     	     5

GEOG or GEOL	one additional course of 4 credits or more

MATH 163A	Intro to Calculus	    4
or MATH 263A	Calculus	            4

PHYS 201, 202	Intro to Physics	   10

PSY 221	        Stat. for Behavioral Sci.   5

BUSL 370 	Environmental Law	    4
or POLS 425	Environ. and Nat. Res. Politics and Policy

Strongly recommended electives

PBIO103	Plants and People	4     

PBIO	additional courses from Areas A and B

ECON 103	Prin. of Microeconomics	  4

ECON 104	Prin. of Macroeconomics	  4

ECON 313	Econ. of the Environment  4

MATH 163B	Intro to Calculus	  3

BIOS 275	Animal Ecology	          4

BIOS 430	Invertebrate Biology	  6

BIOS 431	Limnology	          5

BIOS 435	Entomology                6

BIOS 471	Ornithology	          6

BIOS 474	Mammalogy      	          6

BIOS 477	Population Ecology	  4

BIOS 481	Animal Conservation Biol  4

Arts and Sciences degree requirements (including language), university General Education Requirements, and/or electives.

Plant Biology-Field Biology Major (B.S.)
Special curriculum; major code BS2115

The program in field biology is appropriate for students who are interested in jobs in conservation and other areas of field biology that do not require graduate training. Students who plan on pursuing a graduate degree in biology will have to acquire additional background in physics, math, and chemistry, and will, therefore, generally be better off majoring in environmental biology (BS2113) or plant biology (BS2111). Students majoring in field biology should consider earning an Environmental Studies Certificate at the same time.

Required PBIO courses

PBIO 110, 111  Intro to Plant Biology            12

PBIO 309       Plant Systematics and Ohio Flora   6

PBIO 310       Biology of Fungi                   5 

PBIO 404       Undergraduate Research           2-6
or PBIO 490    Internship                   or 1-10

PBIO 425       Plant Ecology                      5

Additional PBIO courses to make a total of at least 55 hours. A total of no more than 10 hours of PBIO 404 and 490 combined may count toward the 55-hour requirement. It is recommended that at least three of the courses used to satisfy the 55-hour requirement (excluding those listed above as "required PBIO courses") have a field component-e.g., PBIO 248, 303, 307, 310, 321, 410, 411, 412.

Required nondepartmental courses

BIOS 171, 173   Intro to Zoology   6 

BIOS 275        Animal Ecology     4

An additional 8 hours from BIOS or MICR courses numbered 200 or above

CHEM 121, 122, 123   Prin. of Chemistry   12

GEOL 101             Intro to Geology      5

4 additional hours from GEOL (GEOL 231: Water and Pollution recommended to satisfy this requirement)

8 hours in GEOG from the following:

GEOG 201   Environmental Geog.              4

GEOG 260   Maps                             4   

GEOG 302   Meteorology                      5

GEOG 303   Climatology                      5

GEOG 316   Biogeography                     4

GEOG 353   Environmental Planning           4

GEOG 440   Environ. Impact Analysis         4

GEOG 447   Resource Management              4

GEOG 466   Remote Sensing                   4

GEOG 478   Geographic Information Systems   5

GEOG 494   Field Problems                   4

It is recommended that PSY 120 be used to fulfill the Tier I quantitative skills requirement.

Arts and Sciences degree requirements (including language), university General Education Requirements, and/or electives

Environmental Studies Certificate Program

The field of environmental studies encompasses the complex interactions between humans, other organisms, and the biophysical environment. The Environmental Studies Certificate Program is open to students in any major program within the university who want to gain knowledge and understanding about the interdisciplinary field of environmental studies. Completion of this program, which is the equivalent of a minor, results in the awarding of a certificate and is officially recognized on your transcript upon graduation.

You can earn a certificate in environmental studies by completing 32-35 hours of approved coursework selected from the courses outlined below. Many certificate courses satisfy both Tier and Arts and Sciences requirements. Further, courses taken as part of an Arts and Sciences major will also count toward fulfilling the certificate. Be advised that some courses require prerequisites, and plan accordingly.

Core Requirements (8-9 hours)

GEOG 201      Environ. Geography          4       
or GEOL 215   Environ. Geology

BIOS 220      Conserv. and Biodiversity   4 
or BIOS 275   Animal Ecology              4 
or PBIO 425   Plant Ecology               5

Quantitative Skills (4-5 hours)

Choose an approved course in statistics, such as

ECON 381   Intro to Econ. Statistics and Econometrics   4

GEOG 271   Intro to Stat. in Geog.                      5   

MATH 250   Intro to Prob. and Stat.                     4

PESS 409   Tests and Measurements                       4

PBIO 415   Quantitative Methods                         5

POLS 483   SPSS                                         4

PSY 221    Stat. for Behavioral Sci.                    5

Natural Sciences (8-9 hours)

One chemistry course (any except CHEM 115)

One of the following:

BIOS 376   Field Ecology                              4 

BIOS 429   Marine Biology                             5

BIOS 431   Limnology                                  5

BIOS 481   Animal Conservation Biol.                  4

CE 452     Water and Wastewater Analysis              3

EH 260     Intro to Environmental Health and Safety   4 

EH 312     Solid and Hazardous Waste Management       4

EH 440     Air Quality and Pollution Control          4

GEOG 302   Meteorology                                5

GEOL 231   Water and Pollution                        4   

GEOL 330   Prin. of Geomorphology                     5

GEOL 480   Hydrogeology I                             4

MICR 211   Environ. Microbiology                      4

PBIO 247   Vegetation of N. America                   4

PBIO 426   Physiol. Plant Ecology                     5

Social Sciences (12-13 hours)

POLS 425 Environ. and Natural Res. Politics and Policy 4

Two courses in two different departments from the following

BUSL 370    Environmental Law                     4

ECON 313    Econ. of the Environment              4   

ECON 314    Natural Res. Economics                4      

GEOG 241    Global Issues in Environ. Geography   4

GEOG 350    Land Use Planning                     4

GEOG 440    Environ. Impact Analysis              4

GEOG 447    Resource Management                   5

HIST 306    American Environ. History             4

POLS 426    Politics of Environ. Mvt.             4

SOC 340     Human Population Ecology              4

European Studies

See International Studies.

Foreign Languages and Literatures

See Classics or Modern Languages.

Foreign Service

See Economics, History, or Political Science, Pre-Foreign Service Major.

Forensic Chemistry

See Chemistry-Forensic Chemistry Major.

French

See Modern Languages.

University Advancement and Computer Services revised this file (https://www.ohio.edu/catalog/00-01/general/majors3.htm) on December 4, 2000.

Please E-mail comments or suggestions to "ucat@www.ohiou.edu."