Majors, Minors, and Certificate Programs
This section outlines the specific requirements for every program in the College of Arts and Sciences that begin with the letter B .
The commmon requirements for the B.S. in biological sciences are as follows:
*A minimum of 52 quarter hours earned in biological science (BIOS) coursework. This may require several BIOS electives in addition to the courses listed under each specialized track. The non-major courses; BIOS 100, 103, 220, 225, and 392 do not count.
* At least three upper-level 300-400 level courses in biological sciences must have a laboratory component.
(L) indicates BIOL laboratory course or a BIOS course with a laboratory component.
If you plan to attend a graduate school, it is strongly recommended that you take BIOS 493 or BIOS 494H (Undergraduate Research) in your junior and/or senior year. See the biological sciences Web page for opportunities in undergraduate research.
Consult your DARS and your academic advisor when choosing courses to fulfill University and College requirements.
Unless otherwise indicated, BIOS departmental courses may be retaken only once.
The following is a list of core science requirements for biological sciences students in the first two years, regardless of specialization (Major code). Exceptions and additional courses are listed under each major code, but the list below is common for most students pursuing a degree in biology.
BIOS 170(L),171(L), 172, 173(L) Intro to Zoology 14 BIOS 320 Cell Biology 4 BIOS 325 Genetics 5 BIOS 330 Principles of Evolution 4 CHEM 151,152,153 Fundamentals Chem 15 CHEM 301,302, or 305-307 Organic Chemistry 6-9 PSY 221, or MATH 250, 251 Statistics 5-8 MATH 266A, 266B Calculus w/App Biology 8 PHYS 201-203 or 251-253 Physics 15Junior and senior-level course requirements are determined by area of specialization. Freshman
Biological Sciences Minor
Minor code OR2121
Requirements for the minor in biological sciences consist of a minimum of 27 BIOS credit hours, including
BIOS 170(L), 171(L), 172, 173(L) Introduction to Zoology 14 At least one of the following: BIOS 320 Cell Biology 4 BIOS 325 Genetics 5 BIOS 330 Principles of Evolution 4Additional graded BIOS coursework at 300 level or above to reach 27 hours.
You must have a minimum g.p.a. of 2.0 in BIOS course work taken for the minor.
Freshman BIOS 170(L), 171(L), 172, 173(L) Intro to Zoology 14 CHEM 151,152,153 Chemistry 15 PSY 221 Statistics 5 or MATH 250,251 Prob and Statistics 8 Math 266A, 266B Calculus w/App Biology 8 Sophomore BIOS 320 Cell Biology 4 BIOS 325 Genetics 5 BIOS 330 Principles of Evolution 4 CHEM 301,302 Organic Chemistry 6 or 305,306,307 or 9 PHYS 201,202,203 Physics 15 or 251,252 or 262, 253Some graduate or professional programs may require organic chemistry labs CHEM 303, 304.
Junior/Senior
One course must be taken from three of the five areas below:
The Ohio University--affiliate hospital school training of clinical laboratory scientists fulfills the requirements established by the A.M.A. and A.S.C.P. and affords you an opportunity to earn a bachelor's degree.
After completing (1) a minimum of 144 quarter hours with at least a 2.0 g.p.a. in the major and in all hours attempted and (2) general education and all area requirements for the baccalaureate degree, you are eligible to apply for admission to one of several affiliated hospital schools for the clinical program. To complete clinical program at hospitals other than those affiliated with Ohio University, a student must apply for approval.
Consult your advisor frequently during the preclinical period. Early in the fall quarter preceding the clinical program, obtain specific information about applying to an affiliated school of medical technology from the clinical laboratory science advisor.
During the 12-month clinical program, you register with and pay fees to Ohio University. A special fee schedule applies to these four quarters, and both fourth- and fifth-year students are required to register. Ohio University then pays the total tuition to the hospital-based school of medical technology. Upon satisfactory completion of the 12-month clinical program, you will receive the Bachelor of Science degree from Ohio University.
If you remain at the Athens campus for your fourth or senior year, you can graduate with a B.S. in biological sciences/clinical laboratory science by fulfilling the requirements for the freshman, sophomore, and junior years listed below plus earning a total of 90 hours at the 200 level or above and completing a total of 192 credit hours. You may then enter a hospital internship program to qualify for the A.S.C.P. certification exam. If you graduate with a B.S. in biological sciences, or if you are a biological science major who has taken BIOS 321 and 421, you are also qualified to apply for admission to a clinical internship.
Freshman
This specialized curriculum will provide the necessary course background for students preparing for graduate school or entry-level positions in fields of environmental and conservation biology. Courses meet the requirements for admission to graduate programs in biology, zoology, ecology, and conservation biology. The program also provides the necessary background for jobs with state and federal agencies (e.g., USDA or EPA) charged with environmental protection, research and monitoring, and information.
Tier II social science electives can be chosen to meet the requirements of the Environmental Studies Certificate in conjunction with the environmentl biology track. For federl job and employment information, see https://www.usajobs.opm.gov/.
Unless otherwise indicated, BIOS departmental courses may be retaken only once.
The Department of Biological Sciences provides this program for undergraduate majors who are interested in careers studying marine organisms and their environments. This program also provides a thorough preparation for students who wish to pursue graduate studies in marine biology or many allied disciplines in biological sciences.
For students interested in a career in Environmental Biology, Tier II social science electives can be chosen to meet the requirements of the Environmental Studies Certificate Program in conjunction with the Marine Biology track.
For federal job and employment information, check the following Web site: https://www.usajobs.opm.gov/.
The Department of Biological Sciences provides a program for undergraduate majors who are interested in microbiology. This program provides the necessary background and extensive lab experience to pursue a variety of careers in the areas of: research and product development (e.g. immunology, vaccines, antimicrobials, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology), food and water quality control, microbial ecology, and clinical laboratory science. Graduates of this program are also prepared for further graduate studies in medicine, dentistry, optometry, public health, microbiology or molecular biology. With current interest and advances in molecular biology and genetics, emerging pathogens such as HIV and food-borne illness, the career opportunities and outlook are very good.
Students in this program are encouraged in participate in research opportunities their junior-sneior years to pursue a successful career in research and development.
Freshman
The program has both a research-oriented senior honors thesis option and a standard course-oriented option. Students are strongly encouraged to pursue the research option since neuroscience careers almost exclusively involve research. To pursue the research option, students must have earned 30 hours (BIOS 170, 171, 172, 173, 320, 325, 330, 333) and a g.p.a. of at least 3.2 in these courses. Research-option students have a reduced course load in the senior year to provide time for the senior-thesis research project. The Neuroscience Program provides, on a competitive basis, stipend and support for research during the summer of the third year.
This program is demanding and requires careful scheduling of Tier I, II, and III; Arts and Sciences; and extra-departmental requirements. A generally applicable course schedule is outlined below, but students considering this major should contact their faculty advisor.
The Department of Biological Sciences provides a specialized curriculum for students preparing for professional school in dentistry, optometry, medicine, and veterinary medicine. While no specific major is required by any of these schools, this curriculum provides students with a degree in Biological Sciences, prepares them for their professional school experience, and fulfills course requirements for entry into most schools. The four different tracks are designed to direct students to advisors with knowledge and expertise about the particular post-graduate schools they are interest in attending.
Applicants to these schools are required to take one of the following admission tests: Dental Admission Test (DAT), Medical College Admission Test (MCAT). Optometry Admission Test (OAT), and either the Veterinary Admission Test (VAT) or Gradute Record Exam (GRE) for veterinary school.
Contact the schools of your choice, speak to your advisor and the department pre-professional advisor for specific course and exam requirements.
#Some medical schools require 3 quarters of college calculus; 263C will fulfill this requirement.
*Many medical and dental schools require organic chemistry labs for admission. Students considering these careers should take
Many optometry schools require a psychology course for admission. The following course is recommended for students interested in this career track:
Freshman
Tier II social science electives can be chosen to meet the requirements of the Environmentl Studies Certificate program (see listing in this section of the catalog).
For federal job and employment information, check the following Web site: https://www.usajobs.opm.gov/.
A minimum of 14 hours in plant sciences PBIO courses including PBIO 211, PBIO 248, and one of the following: PBIO 435 or PBIO 436.
*BIOS 465 and BIOS 472 may be used to fulfill elective requirements for this track, but do not meet federal civil service register requirements as wildlife subjects.
University Advancement and Computer Services revised this file (https://www.ohio.edu/catalog/03-04/colleges/majors1.htm) on September 24, 2003.
Please E-mail comments or suggestions to "ucat@www.ohiou.edu."
Biological Sciences-
Cellular and molecular biology are two of the most rapidly growing and exciting areas of modern biology. Progress in these areas is driven by the ongoing revolution in genetics and genomics, and has profound and wide-ranging implications for medicine and for our understanding of the mechanisms of life. This specialization will prepare students for graduate or professional school, and career paths in biotechnology, biomedical research, and related areas. These are fields that are experiencing tremendous growth in employment opportunities both in academia and in the private sector.
Cellular and Molecular Biology Major (B.S.)
Special curriculum; major code BS2520
Freshman
BIOS 170, 171,
172, 173 Intro to Zoology 14
CHEM 151,152,153 Chemistry 15
PSY 221 Statistics 5
or MATH 250, 251 Prob and Statistics 8
MATH 266A, 226B Calculus w/App Biology 8
Sophomore
BIOS 320 Cell Biology 4
BIOS 325 Genetics 5
BIOS 330 Principles of Evolution 4
BIOS 321(L) General Microbiology 5
CHEM 305, 306, 307 Organic Chemistry 9
CHEM 303, 304 Organic Chemistry Labs 4
PHYS201,202,203 Physics 15
or 251,252 or 262,253
Junior/Senior
BIOS 326 Genetics Lab 4
BIOS 426 Molecular Genetics 4
BIOS 427 Mechanisms/Gene Regulation 3
CHEM 490, 491 General Biochemistry I, II 7
Two of the following elective cellular/molecular courses:
BIOS 342, 354(L) Prin Physiology I, Lab 5
BIOS 343, 355(L) Prin Physiology II, Lab 5
BIOS 407 Developmental Biology 4
BIOS 414 Molecular Cellular Neurosci 4
BIOS 424A, B(L) Virology, Lab 5
BIOL 425 Evolutionary Genetics 4
BIOL 450 Princ of Endocrinology 4
BIOS 489(L) Microbial Physiology 5
BIOS 422(L) Microbial Techniques 5
PBIO 450 Biotech, Genetic Eng 4
Biological Sciences-
This program prepares students for work in hospital laboratories, public health bureaus, and other laboratories concerned with medical diagnosis and investigation. It leads to a Bachelor of Science in biological sciences and certification by the American Society of Clinical Pathologists or another certifying body.
Clinical Laboratory Science Major
Special curriculum; major code BS2123
Bios 170(L),171(L),
172, 173(L) Intro to Zoology 14
CHEM 151,152,153 Chemistry 15
MATH 113 Algebra 5
or MATH 163A* Intro to Calculus 4
*Recommended
Sophomore
CHEM 241, 242 Quantitative Analysis 5
CHEM 301, 302 Organic Chemistry 6
CHEM 325 Instr. Methods
of Analysis 4
BIOS 300 Anatomy and Histology 6
BIOS 325 Genetics 5
BIOS 345 Human Physiology 4
Junior
BIOS 321(L) Gen. Microbiology 5
BIOS 486A, B(L) Immunology, Lab 5
BIOS 463 Cell Chemistry 4
BIOS 346 Human Physiology Lab 3
or BIOS 422(L) Microbiological Tech. or 5
or BIOS 326(L) Laboratory Genetics or 4
Senior (Clinical Program)
Four quarters of coursework constituting the clinical portion of the program are taken at a hospital-based school of medical technology. Register each quarter for these courses, entitled Clinical Laboratory Science Internship 470A, B, C, and D.
A typical program includes:
Bacteriology and Serology 18
Clinical Chemistry 23
Hematology 10
Immunohematology 5
Parasitology 3
Radioisotopes 1
Urinalysis 4
Biological Sciences-Environmental Biology Major (B.S.)
Special curriculum; major code BS2509
Freshman
BIOS 170(L), 171(L),
172, 173(L) Intro to Zoology 14
CHEM 151,152,153 Fund. of Chemistry 15
MATH 266A, 266B Calculus w/App Biology 8
GEOG 201 Environmental Geography 8
PSY 221 Statistics 5
or MATH 250, 251 Probability & Statistics or 8
Sophomore
BIOS 320 Cell Biology 4
BIOS 325 Genetics 5
BIOS 330 Evolution 4
CHEM 301,302 or Organic Chemistry 6
CHEM 305,306,307 Organic Chemistry or 9
CHEM 303, 304 Organic Chemistry Labs 5
Junior-Senior
BIOS 342, 354(L) Principles of Physiology I, Lab 5
or BIOS 463 Cell Chemistry 4
BIOS 303(L) Comp. Vert. Anatomy 6
or BIOS 430(L) Invertebrate Zoology
or BIOS 435(L) Entomology
or BIOS 465(L) Icthyology
BIOS 375 Animal Ecology 4
BIOS 376(L) Field Ecology 4
or BIOS 431(L) Limnology or 5
BIOS 491 Internships 3
BIOS 321(L) Microbiology 5
PBIO 111 Plant Biology II 6
PHYS 201, 202, 203 Intro to Physics 15
or PHYS 251, 252, General Physics
or 262, 253
Courses from the following: GEOG 101, 241, 315, 316, 417, GEOL 101, 130, 211,
215, 231, 330, 385, PBIO 420, or courses listed as alternatives above, are recommended to meet the 52 or more credit hour requirement.
Biological Sciences-Marine Biology Major (B.S.)
Special curriculum; major code BS2514
Freshman
BIOS 170(L),171(L),
172, 173(L) Intro to Zoology 14
CHEM 151,152,153 Fund. of Chemistry 15
PSY 221 Statistics 5
or MATH 250, 251 Prob and Statistics 8
MATH 266A, 266B Calculus w/App Biology 8
Sophomore
BIOS 320 Cell Biology 4
BIOS 325 Genetics 5
BIOS 330 Evolution 4
CHEM 301,302 or Organic Chemistry 6
CHEM 305,306,307 Organic Chemistry 9
PHYS 201,202,203 Physics 15
or 251,252 or 262,253
Junior-Senior
BIOS 321(L) Microbiology 5
or PBIO 211 Diversity of Life 5
BIOS 342,354(L) Prin of Physiology I, Lab 5
BIOS 343,355(L) Prin. of Physiology II, Lab 5
or BIOS 463 Cell Chemistry 4
BIOS 375 Animal Ecology 4
BIOS 376(L) Field Ecology 4
BIOS 429(L) Marine Biology 5
or BIOS 431(L) Limnology
BIOS 430(L) Invertebrate Zoology 6
or BIOS 303(L) Comp. Vert. Anatomy
BIOS 491(L) Internship 3
Biological Sciences-Microbiology Major (B.S.)
Special curriculum; major Code BS0411
BIOS 170(L),171(L),
172, 173(L) Introduction to Zoology 14
CHEM 151,152,153 Fund. of Chemistry 15
PSY 221 Statistics 5
or MATH 250,251 Prob and Statistics 8
MATH 266A,266B Calculus w/App Biology 8
or MATH 163A,163B Intro to Calculus 7
Sophomore
BIOS 320 Cell Biology 4
BIOS 325 Genetics 5
BIOS 321(L) General Microbiology 5
CHEM 305,306,307 Organic Chemistry 9
PHYS 201,202,203 Physics 15
or 251,252 or 262,253
Junior-Senior
BIOS 486A, B(L) Immunology, Lab 5
BIOS 489 Microbial Physiology 5
BIOS 426 Molecular Genetics 3
CHEM 241, 242 Quantitative Analysis 5
CHEM 490, 491 General Biochemistry I, II 7
At least 12 hours, including 2 lab courses from:
BIOS 326(L) Lab Genetics 4
BIOS 385 Microbial Ecology 3
BIOS 422(L) Microbial Techniques 5
BIOS 423A,423B(L) Pathogenic Bacteriology, Lab 5
BIOS 424A,424B(L) Virology, Lab 5
BIOS 427 Gene Regulation 3
BIOS 441A, B(L) Parisitology, Lab 6
Biological Sciences-Neuroscience Major (B.S.)
Neuroscience is a rapidly growing field in both academia and industry. The neuroscience program is appropriate for students interested in graduate study in neuroscience; neuroscience research in conjunction with a professional career in medicine, pharmacology, or dentistry, or research technical positions. The specialized portion of the curriculum begins in the junior year, and therefore students can declare this area of specialization relatively late in their undergraduate studies.
Special curriculum; major code BS2125
Freshman
BIOS 170(L),171(L),
172,173(L) Intro to Zoology 14
CHEM 151,152,153 Chemistry 15
PSY 221 Statistics 5
or MATH 250,251 Prob and Statistics 8
MATH 266A,266B Calculus w/App Biology 8
Sophomore
BIOS 320 Cell Biology 4
BIOS 325 Genetics 5
BIOS 330 Principles of Evolution 4
CHEM 301,302 Organic Chemistry 6
or 305,306,307 9
PHYS 201,202,203 Physics 15
or 251,252 or 262,253
Junior
BIOS 303(L) Comp. Vert. Anatomy 6
or BIOS 430(L) Invertebrate Zoolgy
or BIOS 435(L) Entomology
BIOS 342,354(L) Prin. of Physiology I, Lab 6
BIOS 343,355(L) Prin. of Physiology II, Lab 4
BIOS 463 Cell Chemistry 4
or CHEM 490,491 General Biochemistry I, II 7
Senior (research option)
BIOS 414 Molecular Cellular Neurosci 4
BIOS 415 Neural Basis Sens & Movement 4
BIOS 417 Cognitive Neuroscience 4
or BIOS 418(L) Methods in Comp. Neurosci 4
BIOS 494H(L) Undergraduate Research 8
BIOS 495H Undergraduate Research
Thesis 3-9
One of the following:
BIOS 407 Developmental Biology 4
BIOS 426 Molecular Genetics 3
BIOS 473 Animal Behavior 5
PSY 312 Physiolgical Psychology 4
Senior (course option)
BIOS 414 Molecular Cellular Neurosci 4
BIOS 415 Neural Basis Sens & Movement 4
BIOS 417 Cognitive Neuroscience 4
BIOS 418(L) Methods in Computational 4
Neuroscience
Two of the following:
BIOS 407 Developmental Biology 4
BIOS 426 Molecular Genetics 3
BIOS 473 Animal Behavior 5
PSY 312 Physiological Psychology 4
Biological Sciences--
The biology pre-exercise physiology curriculum is designed to prepare students for graduate studies in exercise or applied physiology. This curriculum covers the necessary coursework to prepare for advanced studies in exercise physiology or related fields. Although an undergraduate degree in the area of exercise physiology may provide you with the opportunity to compete in the job market, most current employment opportunities require a graduate degree.
Pre-Exercise Physiology Major (B.S.)
Special curriculum; major code BS2516
Freshman
BIOS 170(L), 171(L)
172, 173(L) Intro to Zoology 14
CHEM 151,152,153 Chemistry 15
PSY 221 Statistics 5
or MATH 250,251 Prob and Statistics 8
MATH 266A, 266B Calculus w/App Biology 8
Sophomore
BIOS 320 Cell Biology 4
BIOS 325 Genetics 5
BIOS 330 Principles of Evolution 4
CHEM 301, 302 Organic Chemistry 6
or 305,306,307 9
PHYS 201,202,203 Physics 15
or 251,252 or 262,253
Junior-Senior
BIOS 301(L) Human Anatomy 6
BIOS 321(L) General Microbiology 5
BIOS 345, 346(L) Human Physiology, Lab 7
BIOS 352 Biomechanics 4
BIOS 445, 446(L) Physiology of Exercise, Lab 7
BIOS 463 Cell Chemistry 4
or CHEM 490,491 General Biochem I, II or 7
BIOS 493(L) Undergrad Research 6
or 494H Honors Thesis Research
Suggested elective courses:
BIOS 421A Immunology 3
BIOS 450 Endocrinology 4
HCFN 128 Intro to Nutrition 4
The four areas listed below have identical requirements but direct students into different advising tracts.
Biological Sciences--Predentistry Major (B.S.)
Special curriculum; major code BS2501Biological Sciences--Premedicine Major (B.S.)
Special curriculum; major code BS2502Biological Sciences--Preoptometry Major (B.S.)
Special curriculum; major code BS2505Biological Sciences--Preveterinary Major (B.S.)
Special curriculum; major code BS2508
Freshman
BIOS 170(L),171(L)
172,173(L) Intro to Zoology 14
CHEM 151,152,153 Chemistry 15
PSY 221 Statistics 5
or MATH 250,251 Prob and Statistics 8
MATH 266A,266B (#) Calculus w/App Biology 8
Sophomore
BIOS 320 Cell Biology 4
BIOS 325 Genetics 5
BIOS 330 Principles of Evolution 4
BIOS 321(L) General Microbiology 5
CHEM 305,306,307(*) Organic Chemistry 9
PHYS 201,202,203 Physics 15
or 251,252 or 262,253
Junior-Senior
BIOS 303(L) Comp. Vert. Anatomy 6
BIOS 342,354(L) Prin. of Physiology I, Lab 5
BIOS 343,355(L) Prin. of Physiology II, Lab 5
BIOS 463 or Cell Chemistry 4
CHEM 490, 491(*) General Biochemistry I, II or 7
CHEM 303, 304 Organic Chemistry Lab 5
**Students considering medical school or vetrinary school should take CHEM 490, 491 to fulfill their biochemistry requirement.
PSY 101 General Psychology 5
The following is a recommended elective that fulfills a Tier II and Arts and Sciences distribution requirement:
CLAS 227 Greek and Latin Roots 4
Biological Sciences-Pre-Physical Therapy Major (B.S.)
The biology pre-physical therapy major is designed to meet the prerequisites of the physical therapy program at Ohio University and at many other institutions. This major is also designed to provide students with a solid background in the life sciences. It should be noted that there are no uniform requirements for physical therapy schools. If you are interested in applying to a particular physical therapy program you will need to consult the school's catalog or Web site for exact prerequisites. For more information about the Ohio University school of physical therapy, see the Physical Therapy listing in this catalog.
Special curriculum; major code BS2507
BIOS 170(L),171(L),
172,173(L) Intro to Zoology 14
CHEM 151,152,153 Chemistry 15
MATH 266A(*) Calculus w/App Biology 4
PSY 101 General Psychology 5
Psy 273 Child Adolescent Psy 4
*Students who change tracks within Biology will be
required to take MATH 266B in addition.
Sophomore
BIOS 320 Cell Biology 4
BIOS 325 General Genetics 5
BIOS 330 Principles of Evolution 4
CHEM 301, 302 Organic Chemistry 6
or 305,306,307 9
PHYS 201,202 203, Physics 15
or 251,252 or 262,253
PT 259A(*) Intro to Phys. Therapy 2
Junior-Senior
BIOS 301(L) Human Anatomy 6
BIOS 345,346(L) Human Physiology, Lab 7
BIOS 413(L) Human Neuroscience 4
BIOS 445,446(L) Phys. of Exercise Lab 7
BIOS 463 Cell Chemistry 4
Recommended Elective:
PT 259B Intro to PT-Clinical Exp. 4
Additional recommended electives that fulfill Tier II and Arts and Sciences
distribution requirements and are required by some PT schools:
CLAS 227 Greek and Latin Roots 4
PHIL 101 or 130 Fund Philosophy, Intro Ethics 4
Biological Sciences-Wildlife Biology Major (B.S.)
This track is suitable for students who are interested in careers in the conservation and biology of wildlife. Graduates of this program meet the course qualifications for state and federal civil service registers as ecologist, wildlife biologist, wildlife refuge manager, zoologist, and general biologist. This program also provides training for students planning to go on to graduate school in wildlife biology or an allied discipline such as mammalogy, ornithology, herpetology, animal ecology, animal behavior, and conservation biology.
Special curriculum; major code BS2515
Freshman
BIOS 170(L), 171(L)
172,173(L) Intro to Zoology 14
CHEM 151,152,153 Fund. of Chemistry 15
PSY 221 Statistics 5
or MATH 250,251 Prob and Statistics 8
MATH 266A, 266B Calculus w/App Biology 4
Sophomore
BIOS 320 Cell Biology 4
BIOS 325 Genetics 5
BIOS 330 Principles ofEvolution 4
CHEM 301, 302 Organic Chemistry 6
or 305,306,307
PHYS 201, 202 Physics 1
or 251,252 or 262
Junior-Senior
BIOS 303(L) Comp Vert. Anatomy 6
BIOS 375 Animal Ecology 4
BIOS 376(L) Field Ecology 4
BIOS 491(L) Internships 3
A minimum of 16 hours in wildlife subjects in which one must have
a lab, selected from:
BIOS 471(L) Ornithology 6
BIOS 474(L) Mammalogy 6
BIOS 477 Population Ecology 4
BIOS 478 Community Ecology 4
BIOS 481 Animal Conservation Biology 4
BIOS 465(L) Ichtyology(*) 6
BIOS 472(L) Herpetology(*) 5